Neck

Anterior Triangle

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Overview


The anterior triangle is an anatomical region of the neck formed by the mandible superiorly, the anterior border of sternocleidomastoid posteriorly and the midline of the neck anteriorly. It can be further subdivided into four.

 

The neck is divided into triangles as the important structures of the head and neck can be more easily located during surgery and invasive procedures, as well as location of more simpler structures e.g. internal carotid artery.


Gross Anatomy


1. Submandibular triangle

Borders

·       Mandible superiorly

·       Two bellies of digastric muscle anteriorly and posteriorly.

Contents

·       Facial artery

·       Facial vein

·       Deep cervical & submandibular lymph nodes

·       Submandibular gland

2. Submental triangle

Borders

·       Anterior belly of digastric posteriorly

·       Hyoid bone inferiorly

·       Midline of neck anteriorly

Contents

·       Submental lymph nodes

3. Carotid triangle

Borders

·       Sternocleidomastoid posteriorly

·       Posterior belly of digastric superiorly

·       Superior belly of omohyoid anteriorly

Contents

·       Arteries:

Common carotid (briefly)

Internal carotid

External carotid & branches-

§  Superior thyroid

§  Ascending pharyngeal

§  Lingual

§  Facial

§  Occipital

·       Veins:

Internal jugular vein

·       Nerves:

Hypoglossal nerve & ansa cervicalis (anterior to carotid sheath)

Vagus nerve (within carotid sheath)

Sympathetic trunk (posterior to carotid sheath)

Superior laryngeal nerve

4. Muscular triangle

Borders

·       Superior belly of omohyoid superiorly

·       Sternocleidomastoid inferiorly

·       Midline of neck anteriorly

Contents

·        Thyroid

·        Parathyroids

·        Pharynx

·        Infrahyoid muscles


Clinical Anatomy


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Quick Anatomy


Key Facts

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Aide-Memoire

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Summary


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References


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